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Photovoltaic junction boxes are crucial components in PV modules for connection and protection. Integrated ones have a simple structure with one box housing diodes and cables, offering low - cost and easy installation. However, they face heat - dissipation and resistance issues in high - power applications. Split - type junction boxes consist of multiple boxes, each with one diode and separated positive/negative cables. They have excellent heat - dissipation, can boost module power and reduce cable usage, yet are costlier and require more complex installation. The former suits small - scale distributed projects, while the latter is more suitable for large - scale ground - mounted power plants.

By 2025, the development of flexible photovoltaic technology will focus on three core breakthrough directions: In the materials field, efforts will concentrate on improving the environmental stability of perovskite components and developing lead-free processes, while also exploring new quantum dot composite structures to enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency. In terms of manufacturing processes, advancements will be made in intelligent roll-to-roll precision printing technology and multi-material layer integration to achieve more efficient and cost-effective large-scale production. For application innovation, special flexible components suitable for extreme environments will be developed, equipped with interactive functions such as smart dimming and health monitoring, along with establishing a sustainable material recycling system. This will drive the transformation of flexible photovoltaics from a single power generation function to an intelligent, scenario-based 'energy skin'.

Light transmittance serves as the critical differentiator between BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics) and conventional PV modules, directly governing the tripartite balance of architectural daylighting, aesthetic integration, and power generation efficiency. By 2025, cutting-edge technologies enable fully customizable transmittance (10%-70%), tailored to diverse application scenarios.